Details on "Megalosaurus" monasterii

Here's a post about a theropod taxon so obscure it really doesn't have a presence on the web besides brief parroting of the largely inaccurate information in Carrano et al.'s tetanuran paper (even on The Theropod Database) and which has never really been combined in the literature either.  Gerke and Wings (2016) provided the obvious launching point and was invaluable for correlating information.

It differs a bit in structure from The Theropod Database format in that all referred specimens are given entries even if wrongly referred.  Those wrongly referred have an X in front of their specimen entry, and Gerke and Wang's Morphotype for each specimen is given at the end of their entry.  I figured this was the most condensed way to contain all proposed monasterii information, but the upcoming Database entries will be divided between higher taxon pages as usual.

"Megalosaurus" monasterii (Münster, 1846) Struckmann, 1878
= Saurocephalus monasterii Münster, 1846
?= Saurocephalus münsteri von Meyer vide Struckmann, 1871
?= Saurocephalus muensteri von Meyer vide Brauns, 1874 emmend.

Etymologies- "we now also owe the knowledge of another new species from the upper Jurassic layers near Linden to the zeal of my brother, who has been trying for many years to find rare, previously unknown fossils and to make them available for scientific use; just as he has also discovered ... the fish remains made known in this treatise ... . I therefore have no qualms about naming this new fish after him" (translated). monasterii is thus a Latinization of Münster (Johansson, pers. comm. 12-2024).
muensteri after German paleontologist Count Georg Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm zu Münster who first described Saurocephalus monasterii, or after his brother Wilhelm Münster who he named the species after (see below).

Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Ahlem (or Lindener Berg?), Mittlerer or Oberer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
Holotype- (NLMH101375a; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) incomplete tooth (28.3x14.4x7.6 mm) I
Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Ahlem, Mittlerer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
Referred- X(NLMH101375b; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) incomplete tooth (42x20.5x10 mm) (Struckmann, 1871) B
Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Ahlem, Oberer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
X(NLMH101377; = Struckmann coll.) incomplete tooth (25.3x14.8x6.2 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) C
Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Holzen/Ith, Mittlerer or Oberer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
X(GZG.V.010.333) tooth (77x31.5x17.8 mm) (Royo y Gómez in García, Chillón and Ortega, 2009) A
Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Kahlberg, Oberer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
X(GZG.V.010.334) tooth (37.3x19x11.4 mm) (Smith, 1893) K
Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Lindener Berg, Mittlerer or Oberer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
?(GZG.V.010.319) incomplete tooth (29.4x14.5x8 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) I
?(GZG.V.010.327) tooth (27.9x12/6x6.2 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) I
Early Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Marienhagen, Unterer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
X(RPM.NKP.14356) tooth (57x26.8x?13 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) B
Oxfordian, Late Jurassic
Marienhagen, Korallenoolith, Lower Saxony, Germany
X(GZG.V.010.381) incomplete tooth (45x22.8x10.5 mm) (Wichmann, 1907) B
Late Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic
Tönniesberg, Mittlerer Kimmeridge, Lower Saxony, Germany
?(MNCN 84; = ACN239/005) tooth (García, Chillón and Ortega, 2009)
?(MNCN 85; = ACN277/012) tooth (García, Chillón and Ortega, 2009)
X(NLMH101376a; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) incomplete tooth (23.5x13.8x6.4 mm) (Struckmann, 1872) C
X(NLMH101376b; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) tooth (15.7x8.4x6.3 mm) (Struckmann, 1872) G
?(NLMH101376c; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) tooth (25.5x11.8x6.1 mm) (Struckmann, 1872) I
X(NLMH101376d; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) tooth (16x9.9x5.3 mm) (Struckmann, 1872) G
X(NLMH101376e; = Struckmann coll.; as Saurocephalus münsteri) incomplete tooth (10.5x6.2x4.4 mm) (Struckmann, 1872) G
X(NLMH101378a; Struckmann coll.) tooth (21.1x11.1x8 mm) (Struckmann, 1878) G
X(NLMH101378b; Struckmann coll.) tooth (19.8x11x6.5 mm) (Struckmann, 1878) F
X(NLMH101378c; Struckmann coll.) tooth (14x9.3x5.8 mm) (Struckmann, 1878) E
X(NLMH101380a; Struckmann coll.) tooth (20.2x11.5x6.7 mm) (Struckmann, 1878) F
X(NLMH101380b; Struckmann coll.) tooth (14.7x7.7x5 mm) (Struckmann, 1878) F
X(NLMH101380e; Struckmann coll.) tooth (15x10x6 mm) (Struckmann, 1878) E
?(NLMH16416c; = Dahl coll.) partial tooth (?x14.4x8 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) I
?(RPM.NKP.14357) tooth (39x15.8x?8.6 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) I
X(RPM.NKP.14358) tooth (21.8x12.5x7.5 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) G
X(RPM.NKP.14359) incomplete tooth (10.8x8.5x4.5 mm) (Gerke and Wings, 2016) E
?(University of Marburg coll.) four teeth (11 mm) (Royo y Gómez in García, Chillón and Ortega, 2009)

Diagnosis- (after Gerke and Wings, 2016) lateral teeth similar to Sinraptor dongi except- base lancleolate instead of 8-shaped; distal carinae not twisted in distal view.

Comments- Gerke and Wings (2016) are the only authors to examine "Megalosaurus" monasterii in a modern context. They refer the holotype (NLMH101375a) to their Morphotype I, along with GZG.V.010.319, GZG.V.010.327, NLMH101376c, NLMH16416c and probably RPM.NKP.14357. They note "The cladistic analysis places morphotype I within Allosauroidea close to teeth of Sinraptor", although "several differences exist, such as the outline of the basal cross-section and the rather straight and non-twisted distal carinae in distal view." Furthermore, "The DFA results classify GZG.V.010.319 (41.08%) and NLMH101375a (45.34%) as Neovenator and GZG.V.010.327 (49.49%), NLMH101376c (with CBR instead of MC 17.12%) and RPM.NKP.14357 (39.77%) as Erectopus. The DFA results support therefore the assignment of the cladistic analysis of morphotype I to Allosauroidea." Among named Late Jurassic European allosauroids, Metriacanthosaurus is known from slightly earlier Oxfordian sediments in England but preserves no dental remains, while Allosaurus and Lusovenator are known from comparably aged Kimmeridgian deposits in Portugal. Morphotype I teeth did not match closely with Allosaurus (DFA 0.00%), so Lusovenator which lacks preserved teeth but is a basal carcharodontosaurid like Neovenator might be a good candidate.

"Megalosaurus" monasterii Morphotype I teeth. A- GZG.V.919.319 in (1) labial and (2) distal views. B- GZG.V.010.327 in (1) distal and 2 (mesial) views; (3) distal carina. C- holotype NLMH101375a in (1) labial and (2) distal views. D- NLMH101376c in (1) distal and (2) basal views. E- RPM.NKP14357 in (1) labial view. (after Gerke and Wings, 2016)

History and referred specimens- Münster (1846) initially referred the holotype tooth to Saurocephalus, placed by him in the [super]family Sphyraenoidea (today sphyraenids are classified as carangiform percomorphs) but today recognized as a saurodontid ichthyodectiform. He said "At first glance I thought I was looking at the tooth of a dinosaur, specifically Brachytaenius perennis, H. v. M. Fifth volume of contributions p. 22., to which it is very similar in size, external shape and markings, as well as in terms of the notched side edges" (translated), with Brachytaenis now being a junior synonym of Geosaurus giganteus. He thought it was different in exhibiting lingual curvature however- "There is ... a striking difference in the type of curvature of the tooth crown, which is ... curved ... from one side edge to the other towards the flat side." Münster further stated the tapered distal edge gave a drop-shaped cross section "almost like in the Saurocephalus inaequalis from the tertiary formations." That species is now a junior synonym of the sphyraenid Sphyreana substratus. He also wrote "the enamel shows ... a very faint, fine longitudinal maturation, which is intersected by delicate ring-shaped impressions, as in the Saurocephalus lanciformis" (the type species). Thus no differences from other supposed species of Saurocephalus were suggested. Munster wrote the tooth was collected at Lindener Berg by his brother and given to him.

Pictet and Campiche (1858) when describing Saurocephalus albensis noted that S. monasterii "perhaps does not belong to this genus" (translated).

Struckmann (1871) listed "Teeth of Saurocephalus Münsteri v. Meyer. Quite rare." (translated) collected by himself from the Middle Pteroceras layers of Ahlem. Based on Gerke and Wings' (2016) specimen table, this corresponds to two teeth (NLMH101375a, b) labeled Saurocephalus münsteri from the Struckmann collection from Ahlem. One of these (NLMH101375a) is the type of S. monasterii. Interestingly, Struckmann listed it under Reptilia instead of Pisces, perhaps presaging his decision to reassign the material seven years later.

Struckmann (1872) then listed "Saurocephalus Münsteri v. M" (under Pisces now) as being known as a "fairly common occurrence" of "individual teeth" from the Middle and Upper Pteroceras layers of Ahlem and Tönniesberg (translated). Based on Gerke and Wings' specimen table, this corresponds to five teeth (NLMH101376a-e) labeled Saurocephalus münsteri from the Struckmann collection from Tönniesberg. Brauns (1874) also mentioned "Saurocephalus Muensteri Meyer at Tönniesberge" from the Unterer Kimmeridge, which would be the valid spelling under the ICZN today (Article 32.5.2.1- "In the case of a diacritic or other mark, the mark concerned is deleted, except that in a name published before 1985 and based upon a German word, the umlaut sign is deleted from a vowel and the letter 'e' is to be inserted after that vowel"). Notably, these three 1870s references and Gerke and Wings' table depicting museum labels are the only records I could find of Saurocephalus münsteri/muensteri as opposed to S. monasterii. One might be tempted to blame a misunderstood spelling since they are etymologically identical except all three historic references list von Meyer as the author instead of Münster. An in depth search has not located any publication by von Meyer naming S. münsteri, so whether it was validly proposed or an objective junior synonym of Saurocephalus monasterii is unknown. It certainly seemed to be understood as synonymous with S. monasterii since the two species were never listed in the same reference and given the same distribution in Struckmann's (1872 and 1878) tables. One distinct possibility is that it was a replacement name by von Meyer, perhaps because he thought it was a more direct form of Münster's intended meaning of honoring his brother Wilhelm Münster. The ICZN would not accept this rationale, but would not exist for another century and such replacement names were attempted in the 1800s (e.g. Zeuglodon for the non-reptilian Basilosaurus). Pending discovery of further documentation, Saurocephalus muensteri is here considered a junior synonym of Saurocephalus monasterii.

Struckmann (1878) listed "Megalosaurus (Saurocephalus) Monasterii Munster sp." (under Reptilia) as being known as a "fairly common occurrence" of "individual teeth" from the Mittlerer Kimmeridge Pteroceras layers (both the zone of Nerinea obtusa and the zone of Pteroceras oceani) of Ahlem and Tönniesberg (translated). This marks the first time the species had been placed in Megalosaurus, though no rationale is given. Six teeth (NLMH101378a-c, NLMH101380a-b, e) are listed as being labeled Megalosaurus monasterii from Struckmann's collection from Tönniesberg in Gerke and Wings' table that might correspond at least in part to these specimens. A final tooth (NLMH101377) from Gerke and Wings' specimen table is labeled Megalosaurus (Saurocephalus) monasterii from the Struckmann collection. It is from the Oberer Kimmeridge Virgula layers of Ahlem, which the taxon was marked as being unknown from in his 1878 publication, so the tooth would have been recognized after that.

Smith (1893) in his thesis lists "Megalosaurus Monasterii MNSTR." as being present at Kahlberg, which Gerke and Wings state "Following the collection label ("Megalosaurus monasterii, Late Kimmeridgian"), ... probably represent morphotype K (GZG.V.010.334) of this study." In Smith's table "List of fossils found on the Kahlberg in the Upper Jurassic" (translated) it is marked as being from the Lepidotus-Schichten which he placed above the Mittlerer Kimmeridge.

Woodward (1901) lists "Saurocephalus monasterii, G. von Münster, op. cit. pt. vii. (1846), p. 48, pl. iii. fig. 15.-Upper Jurassic; Linden, Hanover. [Probably Megalosaurian.]", which was referenced by Bardack and Sprinkle (1969) in their review of saurodontids.

Von Koenen et al. (1911) later mention Megalosaurus teeth "in Oxfordian sediments of the now abandoned quarry southwest of Marienhagen" (Gerke and Wings, 2016), which matches "Megalosaurus Monasterii Mnstr." reported by Wichmann (1907) from the Korallenoolith of the southern Roggesch quarry near Marienhagen. This is probably GZG.V.010.381 based on its label reading Oxfordian in Gerke and Wings' table.

Garcia et al. (2009) quoted from Royo y Gomez's (1924-1925) diary regarding a visit to the Geological Institute at the University of Marburg- "Megalosaurus monasterii Mst. Ob. Jura Tönjesberg (Hannover) (Saurocephalus id. id.), 6 teeth. They are from the same species that I have seen in Munich [Old Academy] and Frankfurt [Naturmuseum Senckenberg]. The largest ones are like those there and there are others that are no more than 11 mm long. They are indeed quite similar to ours [a destroyed tooth from the Weald of Benagéber] but they always have the anterior keel denticulated up to more than the lower half." They also write of this same diary- "At the Geological Institute in Göttingen (Germany), he also describes teeth that he cites as belonging to Megalosaurus monasterio (sic): "Huge tooth. The enamel is more than 80 mm long and the total tooth 10 mm. It has denticulated keels in the anterior part up to 15 mm from the base and in the posterior part all of it. 37 mm. of half circumference”." Based on these measurements and Gerke and Wings' table, this is almost certainly GZG.V.010.333, cataloged as Megalosaurus sp. in the GZG and with a crown height of 77 mm and mesial serrations ending ~16 mm from the enamel base. Finally, Garcia et al. say that donated to the MNCN "on January 25 by Prof. Wedekind, from the Geological Institute of Marburg, ... from the German Cretaceous, ... [are] two teeth from Hannover classified by him as Megalosaurus monasterii (ACN239/005; ACN277/012), currently MNCN 84 and MNCN 94." These seem likely to be two of the six teeth mentioned earlier, but the whereabouts of the other four are unknown.

Carrano et al. (2012) incorrectly said "Windolf (1997) transferred the taxon to Megalosaurus" when this had been done 119 years earlier by Struckmann (1878), and believed the holotype "tooth cannot be identified past the level of Theropoda indet." Note that while Carrano et al. say it originates "from the Oxfordian Korallenkalk", Struckmann (1871, 1872, 1878) and Brauns (1874) consistently placed the taxon in the Kimmeridgian layers, not the Oxfordian Korallenbank or Korallen-Oolite.

Gerke and Wings (2016) state "Following the collection label and figure presented by Graf Georg zu Münster, one tooth of morphotype I probably represents the specimen, possibly NLMH101375a, originally described as the fossil fish "Saurocephalus Monasterii"." Though reported as being from Lindener Berg by Munster, it was given to him by his brother instead of being collected personally with direct knowledge, so the museum label indicating the nearby locality of Ahlem may have been a later determination by e.g. Struckmann who had acquired the tooth for his collection and (1878) didn't list monasterii as being known from Lindener. Which locality is correct is likely lost to history as the preservation looks identical to both Ahlem (NLMH101375b) and Lindener Berg (GZG.V.010.319) teeth. Gerke and Wings assign the holotype to their Morphotype I. Their table also lists RPM.NKP.14356 from Marienhagen and RPM.NKP.14357-14359 from Tönniesberg as being labeled Megalosaurus monasterii in their museums' collections. Among teeth previously referred to monasterii/muensteri, Gerke and Wings identified some as their Morphotypes A (Megalosauridae), B (cf. Torvosaurus), C (Ceratosauria), E (cf. Tyrannosauroidea), F (basal Tyrannosauroidea), G (basal Tyrannosauroidea), I (Allosauroidea) and K (Allosaurus).

"Megalosaurus" monasterii holotype NLMH101375a in (a) lingual, (b) distal, (c) basal section and (d) close up of base in lingual view. (after Münster, 1846)

References- Münster, 1846. Ueber die im Korallenkalk das Lindner Berges bei Hannover vorkommenden Ueberreste von Fischen, mit Beschreibung und Abbildung einiger neuen Arten. In Münster and Wissman (eds.). Beitrage zur Petrefacten-Kunde. 7, 36-50.
Pictet and Campiche, 1858. Seconde Partie. Description des fossiles. In Pictet and Campiche, 1858-1860. Description des Fossiles du Terrain Cretace dees Environs de Sainte-Croix. Kessmann and Georg. 29-380.
Struckmann, 1871. Die Pteroceras-Schichten der Kimmeridge-Bildung bei Ahlem unweit Hannover. Zeitschrift Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. 23(1), 214-230.
Struckmann, 1872. Ueber die fossile Fauna des hannoverschen Jura-Meeres. Zweiundzwanzigster Jahresbericht der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover. 21(1873). 29-71.
Brauns, 1874. Der obere Jura im nordwestlichen Deutschland von der oberen Grenze der Ornatenschichten bis zur Wealdbildung, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Molluskenfauna. Nebst Nachträgen zum unteren und mittleren Jura. Friedrich Vieweg and Son. 434 pp.
Struckmann, 1878. Der Obere Jura der Umgegend von Hannover. Hahn'sche Buchhandlung. 169 pp.
Smith, 1893. Die Jurabildungen des Kahlberges bei Echte. PhD thesis, Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen. 71 pp.
Woodward, 1901. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History). Cromwell Road, S.W..Part IV. Containing the Actinpterygian Teleostomi of the Suborders Isospondyli (in part), Ostariophysi, Apodes, Percesoces, Hemibranchii, Acanthopterygii, and Anacanthini. British Museum of Natural History. 636 pp.
Wichmann, 1907. Der Korallenoolith und Kimmeridge im Gebiet des Selter und des Ith. Dieterich University. 39 pp.
von Koenen, Menzel and Schlunck, 1911. Geologische Karte von Preußen und benachbarten deutschen Ländern Lieferung 153: Blatt Gronau. Preußische Geologische Landesanstalt. [pp].
Bardack and Sprinkle, 1969. Morphology and relationships of saurocephalid fishes. Fieldiana Geology. 16, 297-340.
Windolf, 1997. Theropoden-Zähne aus dem Oberen Jura Niedersachsens. In Sachs, Rauhut and Weigert (eds.). Terra Nostra. 1. Treffen der deutschsprachigen Paläoherpetologen. Extended Abstracts. 33-34.
García, Chillón and Ortega, 2009. Contributions of José Royo y Gómez to the knowledge on the dinosaurs of Spain. Paleolusitana. 1, 339-364.
Carrano, Benson and Sampson, 2012. The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10(2), 211-300.
Gerke and Wings, 2016. Multivariate and cladistic analyses of isolated teeth reveal sympatry of theropod dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic of northern Germany. PLoS ONE. 11(7), e0158334.


12-12-2014- Edited with correct date for Münster's original description (thanks to Creisler; note this is also wrong in Carrano et al., 2012), and monasterii's etymology with adjustment to von Meyer's possible motive in creating münsteri.

New website for The Theropod Database plus new nomina nuda

I had to move hosts, so the new website for The Theropod Database is
https://theropoddatabase.github.io/ .  We're working out some encoding issues for special characters, but in the meantime here are some nomina nuda that have not been reported before.

I'm sure Dalman's new tyrannosaur names have been making the rounds based on his new curriculum vitae at https://www.montana.edu/earthsciences/graduate-program/students/cv/Sebastian_Dalman.html .  Here's some informed guesswork as to what they are...

"Bistityrannus" Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
?= "Alamotyrannus" Dalman and Lucas, in press in Dalman, 2013 in part
"B. anax" Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
?= "Alamotyrannus brinkmani" Dalman and Lucas, in press in Dalman, 2013 in part
Etymologies- Bisti is Navajo for "large area of shale hills" after the Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness Area where the specimen was probably found + Latin tyrannus "ruler", common suffix for tyrannosauroids.  Greek anax "tribal chief or leader".
Alamo after the Ojo Alamo Formation where the material is from, in turn named for the Ojo Alamo trading post + Latin tyrannus "ruler", common suffix for tyrannosauroids. brinkmani probably from vertebrate paleontologist Donald B. Brinkman.
Late Campanian, Late Cretaceous
De-na-zin Member of Kirtland Formation?, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, US
Material- ?(ACM 7975; intended syntype of "Alamotyrannus brinkmani") anterior right dentary (~142 mm deep) (Dalman, 2013)
Campanian-Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
San Juan Basin, New Mexico, US
?(PMU.R35; = PMU.R85 of Carr and Williamson, 2000 Appendix 1; = PMU.R1235 of Carr and Williamson, 2000 Fig. 9G-H and Appendix 1; intended syntype of "Alamotyrannus brinkmani"?) anterior right dentary (Sullivan and Williamson, 1997)
Comments- ACM 7975 was discovered in July or August 1924, and figured and briefly described by Dalman and Lucas (2016) as "Tyrannosauridae indeterminate" despite the authors listing two characters purportedly differentiating it from other tyrannosaurids.  Namely, "the possession of two foramina intermandibularis oralis" and "the morphology of the anterior step of the lingual bar" which "is anterodorsally inclined and has a relatively short posterior surface (towards the mouth), whereas in other tyrannosaurids (e.g., Daspletosaurus, Tarbosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus) the posterior surface of the step is well-developed and nearly the same length as the dorsal surface."
Dalman (2013) stated "the many isolated but diagnostic tyrannosaurid skeletal fossil elements from the Naashoibito Member of the Ojo Alamo Formation (early Maastrichtian) of northwestern New Mexico (Sullivan et al. 2005; Jasinski et al. 2011; Dalman and Lucas, in press) provide evidence for the occurrence of a new taxon of a large tyrannosaurid" with the in press paper's bibliographic entry naming it "Alamotyrannus brinkmani." Stuchlik (pers. comm. to Dalman, 7-2018) informs me the intended holotype was two dentaries, presumedly including ACM 7975 that was mentioned in Dalman (2013) as "the new Ojo Alamo tyrannosaurid taxon ACM 7975." Dalman (pers. comm. to Demirjian, 2015) stated the paper is postponed as more complete remains were discovered, and that the taxon would receive a different name.  A probable explanation is that Dalman and Lucas (2016) briefly described and figured ACM 7975 as a diagnostic tyrannosaurid under study by Dalman but noted that the previous referral to the Ojo Alamo Formation was due to its discoverer Loomis using an old, broader definition for the formation.  Geographical and preservational data indicated instead that ACM 7975 was probably from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation, so mixing it with the diagnostic Ojo Alamo elements noted by Dalman (2013) would make his "Alamotyrannus" concept a chimaera.  Thus Dalman would want to describe the diagnostic Kirtland dentary and the diagnostic Ojo Alamo elements as different taxa, which seems to be the plan based on his 2024 online curriculum vitae. 
This lists "Dalman, S.G., Jasinski, S.E., Lucas, S.G., Malinzak, D.E., Loewen, M.A., Fiorillo, A.R., Currie, P.J. 2024. Bistityrannus anax, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of northwestern New Mexico. Cretaceous Research (in review/in progress)" under Published Research despite being unpublished as of 9-21-2024.  The genus and species are obviously invalid pending this publication as his online curriculum vitae is not "issued for the purpose of providing a public and permanent scientific record" (IZCN Article 8.1.1), "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures 8.1.3.1. numerous identical and durable copies (see Article 8.4), or 8.1.3.2. widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout" (Article 8.1.3), does not "state the date of publication in the work itself, and" is not "registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) (see Article 78.2.4) and contain evidence in the work itself that such registration has occurred" (Articles 8.5.2 and 8.5.3), the taxa are not "accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon" (Article 13.1) or "explicitly indicated as intentionally new" (Article 16.1).
Another unpublished entry on that page with identical authorship is "Denazinosaurus sicarius, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (De-na-zin Member) Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico, USA", giving us two proposed new Kirtland tyrannosaurids with nothing distinguishing them in their publication titles besides "Denazinosaurus" definitely being from the De-na-zin Member.  While either or neither of these could be intended for former "Alamotyrannus" dentary ACM 7975, it's here suggested the stratigraphic uncertainty behind that specimen's discovery makes De-Na-Zin unlikely to feature in the article title or genus name.  Thus ACM 7975 is probably "Bistityrannus", while "Denazinosaurus" would be a different specimen with a more definite locality.  Given most De-Na-Zin tyrannosaurid specimens are isolated teeth and postcrania (generally considered indeterminate in Tyrannosauridae), that ideally Dalman would want a specimen comparable to ACM 7975 to erect a new contemporaneous species distinct from it, and that he is describing other tyrannosaurids based on dentaries (see Fruitland Formation KU VP-96888), the obvious identity of "Denazinosaurus" would be classic dentary USNM V 8346 described by Gilmore in 1916 (see entry).  Whether this logic proves true awaits either publication. 
Interestingly, given Dalman originally intended to name "Alamotyrannus" based on two dentary syntypes including ACM 7975, it implies a second tyrannosaur dentary plausibly from the Ojo Alamo Formation.  While NMMNH P-7199 is an obvious possibility as the only dentary I know of confirmed from that formation, it's so poorly preserved that it's never even been figured.  I propose a more likely possibility is anterior dentary PMU.R35 whose locality can only be specified to San Juan County, and which seems to have the anterior step morphology described for ACM 7975- anterodorsally inclined with a short posterior surface (Sullivan and Williamson, 1997- Fig. 1D).  As its uncertain stratigraphic placement makes it plausibly from the De-Na-Zin Member, this may be an additional specimen of "Bistityrannus".  Discovered in 1921 or 1922, this was not published until Sullivan and Williamson's 1997 review of PMU specimens sent by Sternberg, where it is figured in lateral and medial views as "tyrannosaurid partial right dentary." 
References- Sullivan and Williamson, 1997. Additions and corrections to Sternberg's San Juan Basin Collection, Paleontological Museum, University of Uppsala, Sweden. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 48th Field Conference, Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Four Corners Region. 255-257.
Carr and Williamson, 2000. A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from New Mexico. In Lucas and Heckert (eds.). Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Bulletin. 17, 113-146.
Dalman, 2013. New examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 54(2), 241-254.
Dalman and Lucas, 2016.  Frederic Brewster Loomis and the 1924 Amherst College paleontological expedition to the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 74, 61-66.
Dalman, 2024 online. https://www.montana.edu/earthsciences/graduate-program/students/cv/Sebastian_Dalman.html
Dalman and Lucas, "in press". A new large tyrannosaurid Alamotyrannus brinkmani, n. gen., n. sp. (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin.
Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review a. Denazinosaurus sicarius, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (De-na-zin Member) Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.
Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review b. Bistityrannus anax, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of northwestern New Mexico. Cretaceous Research.

"Denazinosaurus" Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
"D. sicarius" Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
Etymology- De-Na-Zin is Navajo for "cranes" and presumedly based on the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation which the taxon would be from + Greek sauros "reptile." Latin sicarius "assassin", as it's a probable hunter.
Late Campanian, Late Cretaceous
head of Hunter Wash / locality 60 of Bauer 1916, De-na-zin Member of Kirtland Formation, San Juan County, New Mexico, US
Material- ?(USNM V 8346) incomplete left dentary (tooth row length 354 mm) (Gilmore, 1916)
Comments- Discovered August 20, 1915, this was initially described by Gilmore (1916) as "Deinodon?" and figured in medial view.  He noted "In the number of tooth sockets this jaw agrees with Dynamosaurus imperosus Osborn,^a [now Tyrannosaurus rex] but in the general form of the dentary, particularly the contour of the anterior end, it approaches Albertosaurus⁴ (Dryptosaurus) most nearly, but as the dentary of Albertosaurus has sockets for 15 teeth the presence of 13 in this individual would appear to show its distinctness."  Gilmore further stated "It is quite possible that this dentary pertains to the genus Deinodon, but that can not be determined at this time because the dentary of that genus is unknown. The identification of this specimen must therefore await the discovery of additional material."  Gilmore (1920) repeated most of this verbatim, listing it as "DEINODON, species." this time.  In a later publication, Gilmore (1935) wrote "Comparison of this bone directly with a dentary of Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe from the Belly River of Canada now shows such close resemblances in size, shape, and other characteristics down to the smallest details as to leave little doubt of their being congeneric. Likewise, the number of alveoli (13) is in agreement with Lambe’s (1917) determination from a number of specimens that the dentary in this genus bears 13 or 14 teeth."  Lucas et al. (1987) felt the dentary "almost certainly pertain[s] to Albertosaurus" sensu Russell 1970, equating to modern Albertosaurinae.  Carr and Williamson (2000) figured the dentary in lateral, medial and dorsal views, and stated "Based on personal observation of this and other tyrannosaurid dentaries, this bone does not appear to be diagnostic at the specific or generic levels."  They noted "There are actually 14 dental alveoli" and concluded "Because the alveolus count of USNM 8346 overlaps with that of A. libratus and T. rex and in light of the fact that tooth count is variable in these species, we consider it best to consider this specimen as indeterminate Tyrannosauridae."  Indeed, 14 dentary alveoli are also present in some Albertosaurus sarcophagus (AMNH 5222, TMP 1986.064.0001), Daspletosaurus torosus (CMN 8506) and Tarbosaurus (IGM 107/7) specimens. 
Dalman's 2024 online curriculum vitae lists "Dalman, S.G. Jasinski, S.E., Lucas, S.G., Malinzak, D.E., Loewen, M.A., Fiorillo, A.R. and Currie, P.J. 2024. Denazinosaurus sicarius, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (De-na-zin Member) Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (in review/in progress)" under Published Research despite being unpublished as of 9-21-2024.  The genus and species are obviously invalid pending this publication as his online curriculum vitae is not "issued for the purpose of providing a public and permanent scientific record" (IZCN Article 8.1.1), "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures 8.1.3.1. numerous identical and durable copies (see Article 8.4), or 8.1.3.2. widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout" (Article 8.1.3), does not "state the date of publication in the work itself, and" is not "registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) (see Article 78.2.4) and contain evidence in the work itself that such registration has occurred" (Articles 8.5.2 and 8.5.3), the taxa are not "accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon" (Article 13.1) or "explicitly indicated as intentionally new" (Article 16.1).
Another unpublished entry on that page with identical authorship is "Bistityrannus anax, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of northwestern New Mexico", giving us two proposed new Kirtland tyrannosaurids with nothing distinguishing them in their publication titles besides "Denazinosaurus" definitely being from the De-na-zin Member.  While either or neither of these could be intended for former "Alamotyrannus" dentary ACM 7975 (see "Bistityrannus" entry), it's here suggested the stratigraphic uncertainty behind that specimen's discovery makes De-Na-Zin unlikely to feature in the article title or genus name.  Thus ACM 7975 is probably "Bistityrannus", while "Denazinosaurus" would be a different specimen with a more definite locality.  Given most De-Na-Zin tyrannosaurid specimens are isolated teeth and postcrania (generally considered indeterminate in Tyrannosauridae), that ideally Dalman would want a specimen comparable to ACM 7975 to erect a new contemporaneous species distinct from it, and that he is describing other tyrannosaurids based on dentaries (see Fruitland Formation KU VP-96888), the obvious identity of "Denazinosaurus" would be classic dentary USNM V 8346.  Whether this logic proves true awaits either publication.
References- Gilmore, 1916. Vertebrate faunas of the Ojo Alamo, Kirtland and Fruitland formations. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper. 98Q, 279-308.
Gilmore, 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 110, 1-154.
Gilmore, 1935. On the Reptilia of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species of fossil turtles. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 83(2978), 159-188.
Lucas, Mateer, Hunt and O'Neill, 1987. Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. In Fassett and Rigby (eds.). The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the San Juan and Raton Basins, New Mexico and Colorado. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 209, 35-50.
Carr and Williamson, 2000. A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from New Mexico. In Lucas and Heckert (eds.). Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Bulletin. 17, 113-146.
Dalman, 2024 online. https://www.montana.edu/earthsciences/graduate-program/students/cv/Sebastian_Dalman.html
Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review a. Denazinosaurus sicarius, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (De-na-zin Member) Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.
Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review b. Bistityrannus anax, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of northwestern New Mexico. Cretaceous Research.

"Erinotonax" Dalman, Jasinski, Loewen, Malinzak, Currie, Fiorillo and Lucas, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
"E. sabathi" Dalman, Jasinski, Loewen, Malinzak, Currie, Fiorillo and Lucas, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
Etymology- Perhaps Greek Eri "very" + Greek notos "south" + Greek anax "king" (suggested by Creisler, pers. comm. 9-2024). sabathi after paleontologist Karol Sabath.
Late Campanian, Late Cretaceous
Ne-nah-ne-zad Member, Fruitland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, US
Material- ?(KU VP-96888) (~10 m) anterior left dentary (140 mm deep) (Dalman and Lucas, 2021)
Comments- Dalman and Lucas (2021) state "The specimen is being described by us in detail in another paper as belonging to a new genus and a new species" but contradictorally identify it as "Tyrannosauridae indet."  They also say "When compared to the dentaries of other tyrannosaurids such as Albertosaurus, Bistahieversor, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Lythronax, Tarbosaurus, Teratophoneus and Tyrannosaurus, the body length of KUVP-96888 was close to 10 m."  This is listed as Tyrannosaurus sp. in the KU online catalog.
Coincidentally, Dalman's 2024 online curriculum vitae lists "Dalman, S.G., Jasinski, S.E., Loewen, M.A., Malinzak, D.E., Currie, P.J., Fiorillo, A.R., Lucas, S.G. 2024. Erinotonax sabathi, a new tyrannosaurid from the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA, insights into the evolution, diversity, and paleogeography of tyrannosaurids in North America. PeerJ (in review/in progress)" despite being unpublished as of 9-21-2024.  The genus and species are obviously invalid pending this publication as his online curriculum vitae is not "issued for the purpose of providing a public and permanent scientific record" (IZCN Article 8.1.1), "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures 8.1.3.1. numerous identical and durable copies (see Article 8.4), or 8.1.3.2. widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout" (Article 8.1.3), does not "state the date of publication in the work itself, and" is not "registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) (see Article 78.2.4) and contain evidence in the work itself that such registration has occurred" (Articles 8.5.2 and 8.5.3), the taxa are not "accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon" (Article 13.1) or "explicitly indicated as intentionally new" (Article 16.1).
Unless Dalman and Lucas are describing multiple new genera of tyrannosaurids from the Fruitland Formation, it seems likely "Erinotonax" is KU VP-96888.  Given its fragmentary and pathological condition, I'm skeptical of any future diagnosis.
References- Dalman and Lucas, 2021. New evidence for cannibalism in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian/Maastrichtian) San Juan Basin of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 82, 39-56.
Dalman, 2024 online. https://www.montana.edu/earthsciences/graduate-program/students/cv/Sebastian_Dalman.html
Dalman, Jasinski, Loewen, Malinzak, Currie, Fiorillo and Lucas, in progress/review. Erinotonax sabathi, a new tyrannosaurid from the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA, insights into the evolution, diversity, and paleogeography of tyrannosaurids in North America. PeerJ.

"Atroxicarius" Dalman, Jasinski, Loewen, Lucas, Malinzak, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
"A. eversor" Dalman, Jasinski, Loewen, Lucas, Malinzak, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review in Dalman, online 2024
Etymology- Latin atrox "fierce" + ? Latin arius "agent of use", except the 'c' is unexplained and atrox is not a noun. Creisler (pers. comm 9-2024) suggests atrox + Latin cara "head" + Latin suffix -ius, but that should imply cranial remains which are not at all certain. Greek eversor "destroyer."
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
NMMNH L-3961, Naashoibito Member of Ojo Alamo Formation, San Juan County, New Mexico, US
?(NMMNH P-7199) partial left dentary, 113 tooth fragments, partial vertebra (Carr and Williamson, 2000)
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
SMP 313b, Naashoibito Member of Ojo Alamo Formation, Hunter Wash, San Juan County, New Mexico, US
?(SMP VP-1848) incomplete left metatarsal I (~93 mm) (Jasinski, Sullivan and Lucas, 2011)
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
SMP 371, Naashoibito Member of Ojo Alamo Formation, Betonnie Tsosie Wash, San Juan County, New Mexico, US
?(SMP VP-1113) incomplete right femur (~1 m) (Carr and Williamson, 2000)
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
SMP 424b, Naashoibito Member of Ojo Alamo Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, US
?(SMP VP-2105) incomplete right scapulocoracoid (coracoid ~253 mm proximodist) (Jasinski, Sullivan and Lucas, 2011)
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Naashoibito Member of Ojo Alamo Formation, San Juan County, New Mexico, US
?(Ratkevich coll.) right metatarsal IV (~513 mm) (Lehman, 1981)
Late Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Naashoibito Member of Ojo Alamo Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, US
?(AMNH 5882) right pedal phalanx IV-2 (~143 mm) (Carr and Williamson, 2000)
Comments- Discovered May 7, 1998, NMMNH P-7199 is a partial dentary associated with tooth fragments and a partial vertebra that all remain unfigured.  Carr and Williamson (2000) refer it "to cf. T. rex on the basis of its large apical and midheight denticles, 7.5 denticles per 5 mm and 8.5 denticles per 5 mm, respectively" on the mesial carina and note the dentary and vertebra "are too weathered and incomplete to permit identification."  Jasinski et al. (2011) suggested however that "identification below the family level (Tyrannosauridae) based on denticle densities is tenuous" so retained it as Tyrannosauridae indet..  The NMMNH online catalog incorrectly lists this as being from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation.
Jasinski et al. (2011) notes "The scapulocoracoid (SMP VP-2105, Fig. 7A-B) may be from an adult as it compares readily in size and morphology to the scapulocoracoids of Tyrannosaurus rex (FMNH PR2081; Brochu, 2003, fig. 80). While this indicates the presence of a large tyrannosaurid in the Naashoibito Member, the specimen cannot be confidently referred to Tyrannosaurus rex, but may represent Tyrannosaurus sp."
Femur SMP VP-1113 is first published as "SMP VP-? femur Naashoibito Mbr., Kirtland Fm. Tyrannosauridae indet" by Carr and Williamson (2000), then figured by Lucas and Sullivan (2000) as "Tyrannosauridae, incomplete femur."  Sullivan et al. (2005) identified it as "cf. Daspletosaurus sp., based on comparison with USNM 10754, a right femur of either Gorgosaurus or Daspletosaurus sp. (labelled as Albertosaurus sp.) ... from the Dinosaur Park Formation" because "the size and morphology of SMP VP-1113 closely resembles that of USNM 10754", but the only stated character is gracility compared to Tyrannosaurus, which is true for almost all other tyrannosaurids.
Jasinski et al. (2011) figure a metatarsal I (incorrectly called "the 1st phalanx of the 1st metatarsal" on page 226), which along with femur SMP VP-1113 they state is "from a large tyrannosaurid that seems more gracile than an adult Tyrannosaurus rex, although they may represent a juvenile or sub-adult."
Lehman (1981) wrote "single, complete, right fourth metatarsal (on loan from the collection of Ronald P. Ratkevich of Alamogordo, New Mexico) is tentatively referred here to Albertosaurus sp." using the broad concept of the genus popular at the time where it included Gorgosaurus.  It is figured in anterior, medial and five sectional views.
Carr and Williamson (2000) reported "a large pedal phalanx (AMNH 5882; Fig. 4A-F) was collected from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation. The collector and date of collection of this specimen are unknown" and figured it in multiple views as Tyrannosauridae indet..  Oddly, the AMNH online catalog lists this as being collected by Brown from the Hell Creek Formation of Snow Creek, Montana, but does correctly list it as a "2nd phalanx" of Theropoda.  Williamson and Carr (2005) referred the phalanx to cf. Tyrannosaurus rex in an abstract.
"Alamotyrannus" into "Atroxicarius"- Dalman (2013) stated "the many isolated but diagnostic tyrannosaurid skeletal fossil elements from the Naashoibito Member of the Ojo Alamo Formation (early Maastrichtian) of northwestern New Mexico (Sullivan et al. 2005; Jasinski et al. 2011; Dalman and Lucas, in press) provide evidence for the occurrence of a new taxon of a large tyrannosaurid" with the in press paper's bibliographic entry naming it "Alamotyrannus brinkmani." Stuchlik (pers. comm. to Dalman, 7-2018) informs me the intended holotype was two dentaries, presumedly including ACM 7975 that was mentioned in Dalman (2013) as "the new Ojo Alamo tyrannosaurid taxon ACM 7975." Dalman (pers. comm. to Demirjian, 2015) stated the paper is postponed as more complete remains were discovered, and that the taxon would receive a different name.  A probable explanation is that Dalman and Lucas (2016) briefly described and figured ACM 7975 as a diagnostic tyrannosaurid under study by Dalman but noted that the previous referral to the Ojo Alamo Formation was due to its discoverer Loomis using an old, broader definition for the formation.  Geographical and preservational data indicated instead that ACM 7975 was probably from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation, so mixing it with the diagnostic Ojo Alamo elements noted by Dalman (2013) would make his "Alamotyrannus" concept a chimaera.  Thus Dalman would want to describe the diagnostic Kirtland dentary and the diagnostic Ojo Alamo elements as different taxa, which seems to be the plan based on his 2024 online curriculum vitae. 
This lists "Dalman, S.G., Jasinski, S.E., Loewen, M.A., Lucas, S.G., Malinzak, D.E., Fiorillo, A.R., and Currie, P.J. 2024. Atroxicarius eversor, a new tyrannosaurid from the Ojo Alamo Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA, new insights into the evolution of bistahiversorin tyrannosaurids in North America. Anatomical Records (in review/in progress)" under Published Research despite being unpublished as of 9-21-2024 and presumedly referring to The Anatomical Record.  This would then seem to be the new name of the Ojo Alamo tyrannosaurid, which the title suggests is related to Bistahieversor in a new tribe "Bistahieversorini", although note Dalman misspelled it without the first 'e'. The tribe, genus and species are obviously invalid pending this publication as his online curriculum vitae is not "issued for the purpose of providing a public and permanent scientific record" (IZCN Article 8.1.1), "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures 8.1.3.1. numerous identical and durable copies (see Article 8.4), or 8.1.3.2. widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout" (Article 8.1.3), does not "state the date of publication in the work itself, and" is not "registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) (see Article 78.2.4) and contain evidence in the work itself that such registration has occurred" (Articles 8.5.2 and 8.5.3), the taxa are not "accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon" (Article 13.1) or "explicitly indicated as intentionally new" (Article 16.1) and even a correctly spelled "bistahieversorine" is not in Latinized form (article 11.7.2) nor is it "accompanied by citation of the name of the type genus" (Article 16.2).  Based on another Dalman et al. (in review/progress) citation in Dalman's curriculum vitae, the De-na-zin tyrannosaurid will be named "Denazinosaurus sicarius" and preseumedly includes dentary ACM 7975 as the intended holotype.
It's unknown which specimens will be types of "Atroxicarius", but as Dalman (2013) cited skeletal (not dental, which are generally undiagnostic) elements described by Sullivan et al. (2005) and Jasinski et al. (2011), they plausibly include dentary and vertebra NMMNH P-7199, scapulocoracoid SMP VP-2105, femur SMP VP-1113, metatarsal I SMP VP-1848, a metatarsal IV from the private Ratkevich collection, and/or pedal phalanx AMNH 5882. 
References- Lehman, 1981. The Alamo Wash local fauna: A new look at the old Ojo Alamo fauna. In Lucas, Rigby and Kues (eds.). Advances in San Juan Basin paleontology. University of New Mexico Press. 189-221.
Carr and Williamson, 2000. A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from New Mexico. In Lucas and Heckert (eds.). Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Bulletin. 17, 113-146.
Lucas and Sullivan, 2000. Stratigraphy and vertebrate biostratigraphy across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Betonnie Tsosie Wash, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 17, 95-103.
Sullivan, Luvas and Braman, 2005. Dinosaurs, pollen, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Field Conference Guidebook, Geology of
the Chama Basin. 56, 395-407.
Williamson and Carr, 2005. Latest Cretaceous tyrannosaurs from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Abstracts of Proceedings from "100 years of Tyrannosaurus rex, a Symposium." 38.
Jasinski, Sullivan and Lucas, 2011. Taxonomic composition of the Alamo Wash local fauna from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. In Sullivan, Lucas and Spielmann (eds.). Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 53, 216-271.
Dalman, 2013. New examples of Tyrannosaurus rex from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, United States. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 54(2), 241-254.
Dalman and Lucas, 2016.  Frederic Brewster Loomis and the 1924 Amherst College paleontological expedition to the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 74, 61-66.
Dalman, 2024 online. https://www.montana.edu/earthsciences/graduate-program/students/cv/Sebastian_Dalman.html
Dalman and Lucas, "in press". A new large tyrannosaurid Alamotyrannus brinkmani, n. gen., n. sp. (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae), from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin.
Dalman, Jasinski, Loewen, Lucas, Malinzak, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review. Atroxicarius eversor, a new tyrannosaurid from the Ojo Alamo Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA, new insights into the evolution of bistahiversorin tyrannosaurids in North America. The Anatomical Record.
Dalman, Jasinski, Lucas, Malinzak, Loewen, Fiorillo and Currie, in progress/review. Denazinosaurus sicarius, a new tyrannosaurid from the Kirtland Formation (De-na-zin Member) Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.


But we also have a few other nomina nuda based on early versions of papers.

Fujianvenator Xu, Wang, Chen, Dong, Lin, Xu, Tang, You, Zhou, Wang, He, Li, Zhang and Zhou, 2023
F. prodigiosus Xu, Wang, Chen, Dong, Lin, Xu, Tang, You, Zhou, Wang, He, Li, Zhang and Zhou, 2023
= Fujianvenator "rapidus" Xu, Wang, Chen, Dong, Lin, Xu, Tang, You, Zhou, Wang, He, Li, Zhang and Zhou, 2023
Etymology- The apparent early species name "rapidus" is no doubt from Latin rapidus "quick", as the authors state "Fujianvenator was well adapted for terrestrial locomotion and is likely to have been capable of running at a high speed."
Comments- Xu et al.'s (2023) reporting summary states "The holotype of Fujianvenator rapidus (IVPP V31985) was discovered in Daxi Basin near Yangyuan Village, Zhenghe Country, Nanping City, Fujian Province, Southeast China" three times, making this a likely early name for F. prodigiosus.
Reference- Xu, Wang, Chen, Dong, Lin, Xu, Tang, You, Zhou, Wang, He, Li, Zhang and Zhou, 2023. A new avialan theropod from an emerging Jurassic terrestrial fauna. Nature. 621, 336-343.

Hypnovenator Kubota, Kobayashi and Ikeda, 2024
H. matsubaraetoheorum Kubota, Kobayashi and Ikeda, 2024
= Hypnovenator "sasayamaensis" Kubota, Kobayashi and Ikeda, 2024 online
Etymology- "The specific name, "sasayama", refers to previous name of a city placed in the eastern region of Hyogo Prefecture, from where the holotype specimen was collected. It also refers to an amateur group "Association to Study the Sasayama Group", to which the two discovers belong."
Comments- The species name "sasayamaensis" was used in the preprint of the article.
References- Kubota, Kobayashi and Ikeda, 2024 online. Early Cretaceous troodontine troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Ohyamashimo Formation of Japan reveals the early evolution of Troodontinae. Research Square preprint. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4459611/v1
Kubota, Kobayashi and Ikeda, 2024. Early Cretaceous troodontine troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Ohyamashimo Formation of Japan reveals the early evolution of Troodontinae. Scientific Reports. 14:16392.

Daspletosaurus wilsoni Warshaw and Fowler, 2022
= Daspletosaurus "diadematus" Warshaw, Wilson and Fowler, 2022 online
Etymology- "Diadematus, Latin for “crowned,” in reference to the novel postorbital horn morphology unique to this species, and its diagnosis as a tyrant dinosaur."
Comments- The initial manuscript called this D. "diadematus", which was replaced by wilsoni after its discoverer John Wilson was removed from the authorship.
References- Warshaw and Fowler, 2022. A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana. PeerJ. 10:e14461.
Warshaw, Wilson and Fowler, 2022 online. A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana. PeerJ reviewing PDF (2022:07:75847:0:1:NEW)

Fonseca et al (2024) perform a Lori-style analysis of basal Ornithischia

This post is a shout-out to Fonseca et al. (2024), whose abstract states-

"Resolving the evolutionary relationships of early diverging (‘basal’) ornithischian dinosaurs is a challenging topic in palaeontology, with multiple competing hypotheses on the phylogenetic relationships of heterodontosaurids, ‘hypsilophodontids’, and other early-diverging forms. These hypotheses cannot be directly compared because they are derived from differently constructed datasets (i.e. distinct samples of taxa and characters). This study aims to address these issues by revising and combining the distinct datasets into a single analysis in order to create the most comprehensive dataset for the investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of early-diverging ornithischians."

This is the ideal for a phylogenetic analysis and exactly what I attempted for Lori, providing some useful data.  They write "constrained analysis forcing a close affinity between Heterodontosauridae and Marginocephalia require at least 26 extra steps, while joining them and Pachycephalosauria require at a minimum 44 steps", so those are implausible.  The weird little bipedal armored Jakapil comes out sister to Eurypoda, and "enforcing it as a marginocephalian requires 16 additional steps" so is unlikely.  Making it parankylosaurian requires only 4 steps though, so is quite likely and matches geographically.  For as much crap as I gave Norman's phylogenetic nomenclature, his Hypsilophodontia including Tenontosaurus (and other rhabdodontomorphs) only takes 6 more steps, so is less likely but not bad.  While Fonseca et al.'s main results are interesting, I found the supplementary information where they commented on all the taxa they excluded equally informative.

Teeth of Ferganocephale adenticulatum- A-B paratype ZIN PH 31/42; C-F holotype ZIN PH 34/32; G-J paratype ZIN PH 36/42; K-N paratype ZIN PH 33/42. Apical- A, C, G, N; Mesial or distal- B, E, I, L; Labial or lingual- D, F, H, J, K, M. After Averianov et al., 2005.

"Ferganocephale adenticulatum Averianov et al. (2005) displays no ankylothecodonty (ch388:0), low crowns (ch411:0), round crown apices (ch413:1), no apicobasal ridges (ch421:0), an asymmetric labiolingual expansion (ch422:1), a cingulum (ch423:1), and no denticles. While these features show the most similarity to Chaoyangsauridae, the lack of denticles and strength of the cingulum are very different from the clade, so a classification as intermediate Saphornithischia is most likely. The position of Ferganocephale adenticulatum requires further work done to assess the dental morphologies within Pan-Aves as a whole, especially due to its un-archosauriform lack of denticulation (see Ezcurra, 2016)."

Holotype right maxilla of Lusitanosaurus liassicus in lateral view (University of Lisbon coll.; destroyed). After Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957.

"Lusitanosaurus liassicus Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957) displays ankylothecodont teeth (ch388:1), low crowns (ch411:0), no recurvature (ch414:2), no apicobasal ridges (ch421:0), and no cingulum (ch423:0). The type specimen was lost in a fire (Mateus et al., 2022), so the only information available about the taxon is from the original description and plate of Lapparent and Zbyszewski (1957). The crowns are tricuspid, which is shared with members of Pterosauria (Dalla Vecchia, 2013), Squamata (Conrad, 2008), Tanystropheidae (Renesto & Dalla Vecchia, 2000; Spiekman et al., 2020), and basal Cynodontia (Hahn et al., 1984) but not Ornithischia. The lack of a cingulum also suggests Lusitanosaurus liassicus is not an ornithischian, as that was the only feature identified by Irmis et al. (2007) to distinguish early ornithischian teeth from similar but non-ornithischian phyllodont teeth. While it has been previously excluded from studies as a dubious basal thyreophoran (Antunes & Mateus, 2003; Norman et al., 2004a; Norman, 2020c), the distribution of anatomy instead suggests that Lusitanosaurus liassicus cannot be considered an ornithischian and should instead be considered Archosauromorpha indeterminate on the basis of ankylothecodont tooth implantation."

Teeth of Taveirosaurus costai- A paratype TV 16; B paratype TV 11; C paratype 14; D-E, J-K holotype TV 10; F paratype TV 8; G paratype TV 7; H paratype TV 13; I paratype TV 9. Lingual- A-D, F-J; Labial- E, K. After Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell, 1991.

"Taveirosaurus costai Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell (1991) displays cheek tooth crowns without mesial and distal ‘kinks’ (ch412:0), low crown height (ch411:0), coarse denticles (ch416:2), and no cingulum (ch423:0), which would support a position just within or outside Ornithischia. However, the morphology of the crowns is very divergent from ornithischians, and the only features linking the taxon with Ornithischia are also found in non-ornithischian archosauromorphs (Irmis et al., 2007), mammaliforms (Luo et al., 2002) and even hybodontiformes (Stumpf et al., 2022). Taveirosaurus costai is considered to belong to Eutriconodonta here on the basis of linear molar cusps and a distinct, straight cingulum (Luo et al., 2002) as well as its Late Cretaceous age, until further work is done to establish possible shared dental morphology with Ornithischia."

Holotype tooth of Trimucrodon cuneatus (Lehrstuhl für Paläontologie coll.). Lingual- a; Labial- b. After Thulborn, 1973.

"Trimucrodon cuneatus Thulborn (1973) displays sporadic wear facets (ch407:0), low crowns (ch411:0), kinked mesial and distal crown edges (ch412:1), triangular crown apices (ch413:0), no recurvature (ch414:2), mesiodistal expansion above the root (ch415:1), no apicobasal ridges (ch421:0), symmetric labiolingual expansion (ch422:0), and no cingulum (ch423:0). These features show significant conflict, especially the lack of a cingulum and asymmetrical labiolingual swelling which are exclusive synapomorphies of Parapredentata except for clades that are excluded for other characters (eg. lack of apicobasal ridges). Until further work is done to assess the dental morphologies within Pan-Aves as a whole, Trimucrodon cuneatus should be retained as a possibly valid taxon that cannot be classified beyond Ornithischia outside Parapredentata."

Several taxa like Alocodon, Phyllodon and Xiaosaurus are considered valid despite generally being ignored due to being fragmentary.  They even include a large supplement illustrating their characters, and justifying which characters were not included.  And you can tell they went up to the submission limit by commenting on recent taxa like Vectidromeus and Chakisaurus.

Things I wish Fonseca et al. would have done are list the possible positions of the taxa excluded WISELY a posteriori- "Daemonosaurus chauliodus; Diodorus scytobrachion; Gamatavus antiquus; Sacisaurus agudoensis; Mymoorapelta maysi; Nevadadromeus schmitti; Hualianceratops wucaiwaneisis; Beg tse; Ceratops montanus; the ‘Vegagete ornithopod’; Weewarrasaurus pobeni; Atlascopcosaurus loadsi; Galleonosaurus dorisae; Leaellynasaura amicagraphica; Qantassaurus intrepidus; Trinisaura santamartaensis; Isasicursor santacrucensis; Sektensaurus sanjuanboscoi; Callovosaurus leedsi; and Draconyx loureiroi", and scorings for the excluded taxa like Vectidromeus and "Hypsilophodon" wielandi.  Also more constraint analyses for things like the position of Lesothosaurus and Albalophosaurus (here the earliest pachycephalosaur).

Now we need someone to do this for the 30+ incertae sedis sauropodomorph taxa everyone's ignored for over three decades since they were kicked out of Plateosaurus/Massospondylus/Euskelosaurus using Yates' matrix or something better.

References- Lapparent and Zbyszewski, 1957. Les dinosauriens du Portugal. Mémoires des Services Géologiques du Portugal, nouvelle série. 2, 1-63.

Thulborn, 1973. Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Memórias dos Serviços Geológicos de Portugal. 22, 89-134.

Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell, 1991. Nouvelles données sur les Dinosaures du Crétacé supérieur du Portugal. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2, Mécanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'univers, Sciences de la Terre. 313(1), 113-119.

Averianov, Martin and Bakirov, 2005. Pterosaur and dinosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the northern Fergana depression, Kyrgyzstan (central Asia). Palaeontology. 48(1), 135-155.

Fonseca, Reid, Venner, Duncan, Garcia and Müller, 2024. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22(1), 2346577.

Correct citations for Sinosauropteryx and Protarchaeopteryx

A quick one today based on the fact I just found out the entirety of Chinese Geology is free online.  Ji and Ji used it for their early Yixian feathered theropod descriptions in the 90s.  Back then getting Chinese papers in the West was not as easy as today, and as Sinosauropteryx and Protarchaeopteryx both got redescribed in Nature in 1998 and had their original descriptions translated by Downs in 2001 and uploaded to The Polyglot Paleontologist, I think most researchers never bothered to hunt down the Chinese originals.  But now that they're easily available, I've noticed everyone's been copying the incorrect citations in the Nature or Downs' papers, so this post is here to sort that out.



Sinosauropteryx

https://www.cgsjournals.com/article/id/zgdz_DIZI199610011

Note these mid-90s papers don't actually have English titles.  The first published was the original description of Sinosauropteryx, given by Chen et al. (1998) as-

Ji, Q. & Ji, S. A. On discovery of the earliest bird fossil in China and the origin of birds. Chinese Geol. 233, 30–33 (1996).

And by Downs' 2001 translation as-

Qiang Ji and Shu’an Ji. On the Discovery of the earliest fossil bird in China (Sinosauropteryx gen. nov.) and the origin of birds. Chinese Geology. Volume 233. 1996. pp. 30-33.

But the actual citation is-

Ji and Ji, 1996. 中国最早鸟类化石的发现及鸟类的起源. Chinese Geology. 23(10) (total issue 233), 30-32.

Chen et al.'s is closer, as Google Translate translates the Chinese title as "The discovery of the earliest bird fossils in China and the origin of birds", and it certainly doesn't say "Sinosauropteryx gen. nov." which would be "中华龙鸟属新属".  I'm curious to know if there was a page 33 that the Chinese Geology scanners missed, perhaps containing a figure like the last pages of the next two articles (since there are no figures in the paper otherwise).

Skull of NGMC 2124 (photo by Mortimer at the TMP in 1999).

https://www.cgsjournals.com/article/id/zgdz_DIZI199707010

A second paper describing supposed Sinosauropteryx specimen NGMC 2124 was published the following year, and sadly remains the only paper describing this unique taxon (recovered a couple weeks ago as a juvenile tyrannosauroid in Cau's ontomatrix).  Currie and Chen (2001) give the reference as-

Ji, Q., and Ji, S.-A. 1997b. Advances in the study of the avian Sinosauropteryx prima. Chinese Geology, 242: 30–32 (in Chinese).

And there's an HTML translation that was online (as of 2010) that gives it as-

Ji Qiang & Ji Shuan, Advances in Sinosauropteryx Research, Chinese Geology, 1997, 7, p. 30-32 and cover page 3.

But the actual citation is-

Ji and Ji, 1997. 中华龙岛(Sinosauropteryx) 化石研究新进展. Chinese Geology. 24(7) (total issue 242), 30-32, 49.

Google Translate translates the Chinese title to "New progress in the study of Sinosauropteryx fossils" which seems more accurate than Currie and Chen's as the species name is certainly never mentioned.



Protarchaeopteryx

https://www.cgsjournals.com/article/id/zgdz_DIZI199703012

Ji et al. (1998) give the reference as-

Ji, Q. & Ji, S. A. Protarchaeopterygid bird (Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov.)—fossil remains of archaeopterygids from China. Chinese Geol. 238, 38–41 (1997).

Downs' 2001 translation gives us-

Qiang Ji and Shu’an Ji. A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov.. Geological Science and Technology (Di Zhi Ke Ji). Volume 238. 1997. pp. 38-41.

But the actual citation is-

Ji and Ji, 1997. 恩错祖鸟(Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov.) - 中国的始祖鸟类亿右. Chinese Geology. 24(3) (total issue 238), 38-41, 49.

The first four characters (恩错祖鸟) translate to Protarchaeopteryx, so "protarchaeopterygid" is an invention of Ji et al., made more obvious by the fact it was classified as an archaeopterygid in the paper.  The implied family 'Protarchaeopterygidae' has never been published so remains unofficial.  Google Translate gives the translation "Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov. - Archaeopteryx of China."

Center of Protarchaeoptery holotype.

Lingyuanornis

https://www.cgsjournals.com/article/id/zgdz_DIZI199903021

I think the only other dinosaur described in Chinese Geology is Lingyuanornis, an objective junior synonym of Liaoxiornis that may have been first cited in Western literature by Chiappe and Walker (2002) as-

Ji Q. and Ji S.-A. 1999. A new genus of the Mesozoic birds from Lingyuan, Liaoning, China. Chinese Geology 262:45–48.

As English titles were a thing by now, the actual citation is pretty similar-

Ji and Ji, 1999. A new genus of the Mesozoic birds from Lingyuan, Liaoning, China. Chinese Geology. 26(3) (total issue 262), 45-49.

The volume issue

One obvious difference in citations besides the titles and page numbers are the volume numbers, with most prior citations using what appears to be a single large number representing the issue perhaps all the way from 1954 when the journal started.  However, the format the Chinese Geology website has is one with volumes corresponding to year (from 1958 forward), then issues of a variable number within that year.  The HTML Ji and Ji 1997 'Sinosauropteryx' translation does give the issue number (7) correctly, but none of them cite the volume corresponding to the official website.  Notably, the latter includes photos of all the issue covers showing the issue format was there from the beginning.  Also interesting is that while the 1996-1998 papers themselves have no indication of a volume or issue, Lingyuanornis' does include both "总第262 期 中 自 地 质" and "1999 年第3 期", translating to "Total Issue No. 262 China Geology" and "Issue No. 3, 1999".  Back in 2001 I assumed this meant volume 262 issue 3, but this is obviously not the case, and 26(3) and 262 are two different ways of referencing the same issue.  Counting back shows that the other three "total issues" are indeed 233, 242 and 238, although I'm not sure where in the issues people found these numbers and they're not very useful for navigating the archive.



References- Chen, Dong and Zhen, 1998. An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature. 391, 147-152.

Ji, Currie, Norell and Ji, 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature. 393, 753-761.

Currie and Chen, 2001. Anatomy of Sinosauropteryx prima from Liaoning, northeastern China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 38(12), 1705-1727.

Chiappe and Walker, 2002. Skeletal morphology and systematics of the Cretaceous Euenantiornithes (Ornithothoraces: Enantiornithes). In Chiappe and Witmer (eds.). Mesozoic Birds - Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press. 240-267.